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The Federal Art Project (1935–43) was a New Deal program to fund the visual arts in the United States. Under national director Holger Cahill, it was one of five Federal Project Number One projects sponsored by the Works Progress Administration, and the largest of the New Deal art projects. It was created not as a cultural activity but as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photography, theatre scenic design, and arts and crafts. The WPA Federal Art Project established more than 100 community art centers throughout the country, researched and documented American design, commissioned a significant body of public art without restriction to content or subject matter, and sustained some 10,000 artists and craft workers during the Great Depression. ==Background== The Federal Art Project was the visual arts arm of the Great Depression-era Works Progress Administration, a Federal One program. Funded under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, it operated from August 29, 1935, until June 30, 1943. It was created as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photography, Index of American Design documentation, museum and theatre scenic design, and arts and crafts. The Federal Art Project operated community art centers throughout the country where craft workers and artists worked, exhibited and educated others. The project created more than 200,000 separate works, some of them remaining among the most significant pieces of public art in the country. The Federal Art Project's primary goals were to employ out-of-work artists and to provide art for non-federal municipal buildings and public spaces. Artists were paid $23.60 a week; tax-supported institutions such as schools, hospitals and public buildings paid only for materials. The work was divided into art production, art instruction and art research. The primary output of the art-research group was the Index of American Design, a mammoth and comprehensive study of American material culture. As many as 10,000 artists were commissioned to produce work for the WPA Federal Art Project,〔 the largest of the New Deal art projects. Three comparable but distinctly separate New Deal art projects were administered by the United States Department of the Treasury: the Public Works of Art Project (1933–34), the Section of Painting and Sculpture (1934–43) and the Treasury Relief Art Project (1935–38).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New Deal Artwork: GSA's Inventory Project )〕 The WPA program made no distinction between representational and nonrepresentational art. Abstraction had not yet gained favor in the 1930s and 1940s and, thus, was virtually unsalable. As a result, the Federal Art Project supported such iconic artists as Jackson Pollock before their work could earn them income.〔Atkins, Robert (1993). ''ArtSpoke: A Guide to Modern Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords, 1848-1944''. Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-1-55859-388-6.〕 One particular success was the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, which started in 1935 as an experiment that employed 900 people who were classified as unemployable due to their age or disability.〔 The project came to employ approximately 5,000 unskilled workers, many of them women and the long-term unemployed. Historian John Gurda observed that the city's unemployment hovered at 40 percent in 1933. "In that year," he said, "53 percent of Milwaukee's property taxes went unpaid because people just could not afford to make the tax payments." Workers were taught bookbinding, block printing and design, which they used to create handmade art books and children's books. They produced toys, dolls,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WPA – Milwaukee Handicraft Project )〕 theatre costumes, quilts,〔 rugs, draperies, wall hangings and furniture that were purchased by schools, hospitals〔 and municipal organizations for the cost of materials only. In 2014, when the Museum of Wisconsin Art mounted an exhibition of items created by the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, furniture was found that was still being used at the Milwaukee Public Library.〔 Holger Cahill was national director of the Federal Art Project. Other administrators included Audrey McMahon, director of the New York Region (New York, New Jersey, and Philadelphia); Clement B. Haupers, director for Minnesota; and Robert Bruce Inverarity, director for Washington state. ==Notable artists== (詳細はWilliam Abbenseth *Berenice Abbott * Ida York Abelman〔 * Gertrude Abercrombie * Benjamin Abramowitz * Abe Ajay * Ivan Albright * Maxine Albro *Charles Alston * Harold Ambellan〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Artists of Buffalo's Willert Park Courts Sculptures )〕 * Luis Arenal * Bruce Ariss * Victor Arnautoff * Sheva Ausubel * Henry Bannarn * Patrociño Barela * Will Barnet * Richmond Barthé * Herbert Bayer〔 * William Baziotes * Lester Beall〔 * Harrison Begay * Rainey Bennett * Aaron Berkman * Leon Bibel * Robert Blackburn〔 * Arnold Blanch〔 * Lucile Blanch * Lucienne Bloch〔 * Aaron Bohrod〔 * Ilya Bolotowsky * Adele Brandeis * Louise Brann * Edgar Britton〔 * Manuel Bromberg * James Brooks * Selma Burke * Letterio Calapai * Samuel Cashwan〔 * Dane Chanase * Fay Chong * Eldzier Cortor * Arthur Covey * Francis Criss * Allan Crite〔 * Robert Cronbach〔 * John Steuart Curry〔 * Philip Campbell Curtis * James Daugherty〔 *Stuart Davis * Adolf Dehn * Willem de Kooning〔 * Burgoyne Diller * Isami Doi * Mabel Dwight〔 * Ruth Egri * Fritz Eichenberg * Jacob Elshin〔 * George Pearse Ennis * Angna Enters * Philip Evergood〔 * Louis Ferstadt * Alexander Finta * Joseph Fleck〔 * Seymour Fogel〔〔 * Lily Furedi * Todros Geller * Aaron Gelman〔 * Eugenie Gershoy * Enrico Glicenstein * Vincent Glinsky * Bertram Goodman * Arshile Gorky〔 * Harry Gottlieb〔 * Blanche Grambs〔 * Morris Graves〔 * Balcomb Greene〔 * Marion Greenwood * Waylande Gregory *Philip Guston * Irving Guyer * Abraham Harriton * Marsden Hartley〔 * Knute Heldner * August Henkel * Ralf Henricksen * Magnus Colcord Heurlin〔 * Hilaire Hiler〔 * Donal Hord * Axel Horn * Milton Horn * Allan Houser〔 * Eitaro Ishigaki * Edwin Boyd Johnson〔 * Sargent Claude Johnson * Tom Loftin Johnson *William H. Johnson * Leonard D. Jungwirth〔 * Reuben Kadish * Sheffield Kagy * Jacob Kainen * David Karfunkle * Leon Kelly〔 * Paul Kelpe * Troy Kinney〔 * Georgina Klitgaard〔 * Karl Knaths〔 * Lee Krasner * Kalman Kubinyi *Yasuo Kuniyoshi〔 *Jacob Lawrence〔 * Edward Laning〔 * Michael Lantz〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Michael Lantz )〕 * Jacob Lawrence〔 * Blanche Lazzell〔 * Tom Lea * Lawrence Lebduska〔 * Joseph LeBoit * William Robinson Leigh〔 * Julian E. Levi〔 * Jack Levine〔 * Monty Lewis * Elba Lightfoot * Abraham Lishinsky〔 * Michael Loew * Thomas Gaetano LoMedico * Louis Lozowick〔 * Nan Lurie〔 * Guy Maccoy * Stanton Macdonald-Wright * George McNeil〔 * Moissaye Marans * David Margolis * Kyra Markham〔 * Jack Markow * Mercedes Matter * Jan Matulka〔 * Dina Melicov * Katherine Milhous〔 * Jo Mora * Helmuth Naumer〔 * Louise Nevelson * James Michael Newell * Spencer Baird Nichols〔 * Elizabeth Olds * William C. Palmer〔 * Phillip Pavia〔 * Irene Rice Pereira * Jackson Pollock * George Post〔 * Gregorio Prestopino〔 * Mac Raboy * Anton Refregier〔 *Ad Reinhardt * Misha Reznikoff〔 * Mischa Richter〔 * Diego Rivera * José de Rivera * Emanuel Glicen Romano * Mark Rothko〔 * Alexander Rummler〔 * Augusta Savage * Concetta Scaravaglione〔 * Louis Schanker * Edwin Scheier〔 * Mary Scheier * Carl Schmitt * William S. Schwartz〔 * Georgette Seabrooke * Ben Shahn * Mitchell Siporin * John French Sloan〔 * William Sommer〔 * Isaac Soyer * Moses Soyer〔 * Raphael Soyer〔 * Ralph Stackpole * Cesare Stea * Walter Steinhart〔 * Joseph Stella〔 * Harry Sternberg〔 * Sakari Suzuki * Albert Swinden〔 *Dox Thrash * Rufino Tamayo〔 * Elizabeth Terrell〔 * Lenore Thomas〔 * Dox Thrash * Mark Tobey〔〔 * Harry Everett Townsend〔 * Edward Buk Ulreich * Jacques Van Aalten * Stuyvesant Van Veen * Herman Volz * John Augustus Walker〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Murals by John Augustus Walker on permanent display in the Museum of Mobile lobby, Mobile, Alabama )〕 * John Walley〔 * Paul Weller * George West〔 * Andrew Winter〔 * Jean Xceron * Edgar Yaeger * Bernard Zakheim * Karl Zerbe〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Federal Art Project」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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